I believe, partly through experience, that sincerity, love, true people, and peace exist. It's not found outside ourselves. It's inside. Wholesome thoughts, right views, reveal the garden inside our hearts and then we see the world as the reflections of our hearts. This Truth is not limited to any religion, happiness belongs to all. This is my mind you're entering, be prepared for anything......
Thursday, September 16, 2010
The Crackpot Index and Social Cognition
John Baez
A simple method for rating potentially revolutionary contributions to physics:
1. A -5 point starting credit.
2. 1 point for every statement that is widely agreed on to be false.
3. 2 points for every statement that is clearly vacuous.
4. 3 points for every statement that is logically inconsistent.
5. 5 points for each such statement that is adhered to despite careful correction.
6. 5 points for using a thought experiment that contradicts the results of a widely accepted real experiment.
7. 5 points for each word in all capital letters (except for those with defective keyboards).
8. 5 points for each mention of "Einstien", "Hawkins" or "Feynmann".
9. 10 points for each claim that quantum mechanics is fundamentally misguided (without good evidence).
10. 10 points for pointing out that you have gone to school, as if this were evidence of sanity.
11. 10 points for beginning the description of your theory by saying how long you have been working on it. (10 more for emphasizing that you worked on your own.)
12. 10 points for mailing your theory to someone you don't know personally and asking them not to tell anyone else about it, for fear that your ideas will be stolen.
13. 10 points for offering prize money to anyone who proves and/or finds any flaws in your theory.
14. 10 points for each new term you invent and use without properly defining it.
15. 10 points for each statement along the lines of "I'm not good at math, but my theory is conceptually right, so all I need is for someone to express it in terms of equations".
16. 10 points for arguing that a current well-established theory is "only a theory", as if this were somehow a point against it.
17. 10 points for arguing that while a current well-established theory predicts phenomena correctly, it doesn't explain "why" they occur, or fails to provide a "mechanism".
18. 10 points for each favorable comparison of yourself to Einstein, or claim that special or general relativity are fundamentally misguided (without good evidence).
19. 10 points for claiming that your work is on the cutting edge of a "paradigm shift".
20. 20 points for emailing me and complaining about the crackpot index. (E.g., saying that it "suppresses original thinkers" or saying that I misspelled "Einstein" in item 8.)
21. 20 points for suggesting that you deserve a Nobel prize.
22. 20 points for each favorable comparison of yourself to Newton or claim that classical mechanics is fundamentally misguided (without good evidence).
23. 20 points for every use of science fiction works or myths as if they were fact.
24. 20 points for defending yourself by bringing up (real or imagined) ridicule accorded to your past theories.
25. 20 points for naming something after yourself. (E.g., talking about the "The Evans Field Equation" when your name happens to be Evans.)
26. 20 points for talking about how great your theory is, but never actually explaining it.
27. 20 points for each use of the phrase "hidebound reactionary".
28. 20 points for each use of the phrase "self-appointed defender of the orthodoxy".
29. 30 points for suggesting that a famous figure secretly disbelieved in a theory which he or she publicly supported. (E.g., that Feynman was a closet opponent of special relativity, as deduced by reading between the lines in his freshman physics textbooks.)
30. 30 points for suggesting that Einstein, in his later years, was groping his way towards the ideas you now advocate.
31. 30 points for claiming that your theories were developed by an extraterrestrial civilization (without good evidence).
32. 30 points for allusions to a delay in your work while you spent time in an asylum, or references to the psychiatrist who tried to talk you out of your theory.
33. 40 points for comparing those who argue against your ideas to Nazis, stormtroopers, or brownshirts.
34. 40 points for claiming that the "scientific establishment" is engaged in a "conspiracy" to prevent your work from gaining its well-deserved fame, or suchlike.
35. 40 points for comparing yourself to Galileo, suggesting that a modern-day Inquisition is hard at work on your case, and so on.
36. 40 points for claiming that when your theory is finally appreciated, present-day science will be seen for the sham it truly is. (30 more points for fantasizing about show trials in which scientists who mocked your theories will be forced to recant.)
37. 50 points for claiming you have a revolutionary theory but giving no concrete testable predictions.
Bibliography
Baez, J. (n.d.). The Crackpot Index. Retrieved September 16, 2010, from http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/crackpot.html
The Crackpot Index lists down 37 pointers that identifies someone as a “crackpot”, (Baez) it falls neatly into the role schemas as it is “organised knowledge about the expected behaviours of occupants of particular social positions” (Howard, 1995) where in this case it is academic positions. The term crackpot is used as a stereotype as it is clear from the ironic description of “potentially revolutionary contributions to physics” (Baez). It is meant to ridicule and to create laugher from the ironic treatment of the crackpots. “Role schemas are basis for stereotyping” (Howard, 1995).
Other than that, there is on point 8, “each mention of 'Einstien', 'Hawkins' or 'Feynmann'” (Baez) suggested that anyone who encourages the readers to use availability and representative heuristics can be considered crackpots. Availability heuristics happens when the public gets recent news about Hawking’s genius, and representative heuristics is obvious from the collections of geniuses in the list. It is quite appropriate as the heuristics are “mental shortcuts” (Howard, 1995) and in Physics, one is supposed to be able to derive from scratch the whole theory without relying on heuristics. Therefore one who overuses heuristics is suspicious in the eyes of Physicists. Someone who relies too much on others while presenting their own theory is most likely one who is out to find fame instead of finding the truth.
Point 21 and 34 can be explained by attribution theory where self serving bias is doing its work. When praising one's work, one says that one deserves a Noble Prize and when work fame does not go well, one blames a conspiracy blocking the work (instead of the work is wrong). This is also the fundalmental attribution error and whoever displays such error openly can be easily dismissed as “crackpots”.
Point 9, 18, 22, shows a base rate fallacy happening to the “crackpot”. Ignoring the many experimental evidences for Quantum Mechanics, General Relativity, and Classical Mechanics (Baez), the “crackpot” thinks the theories are wrong because physicists are struggling to unite them and yet still unsuccessful therefore the “crackpots” think that the base theories are wrong. The failure to take the numerous times when the base theories are correct and to refute them all just because of one difficulty is a base rate fallacy.
All in all, the crackpot index displays a lot of theories and skills from social cognition and is able to be studied by the concepts in social cognition. What we found out is that the crackpots are not only bad in physics but also bad in social cognitions skills. So bad are their theories that they resort to the various baises and heuristics to convince the readers of their theories instead of scientific rigour.
Bibliography
Baez, J. (n.d.). The Crackpot Index. Retrieved September 16, 2010, from http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/crackpot.html
Baumeister, R. F. (1993). Conceptions of Self and Identity. In Fifty Years of Personality Psychology (pp. 177-186). New York: Plenum Press.
Howard, J. A. (1995). Social Cognition. In Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology (pp. 90-117). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
O'Brien, B. (n.d.). Skandha. Retrieved September 16, 2010, from About.com: Buddhism: http://buddhism.about.com/od/abuddhistglossary/g/skandhadef.htm
Comparison of the 5 Aggregates with Conceptions of Self and Identity by Baumeister
The Sanskrit word skandha means "heap" or "aggregate." The Buddha taught that an individual is a combination of five aggregates of existence, called the Five Skandhas. These are:
1. Form
2. Sensation
3. Perception
4. Mental formations
5. Consciousness
Various schools of Buddhism do not interpret the skandhas in exactly the same way. Generally, the first skandha is our physical form. The second is made up of our feelings, emotional and physical, and our senses -- seeing, hearing, tasting, touching, smelling.
The third skandha, perception, takes in most of what we call thinking -- conceptualization, cognition, reasoning. This also includes the recognition that occurs when an organ comes into contact with an object. Perception can be thought of as "that which identifies." The object perceived may be a physical object or a mental one, such as an idea.
The fourth skandha, mental formations, includes habits, prejudices and predispositions. Our volition, or willfulness, also is part of the fourth skandha, as are attention, faith, conscientiousness, pride, desire, vindictiveness, and many other mental states both virtuous and not virtuous. The causes and effects of karma are especially important to the fourth skandha.
The fifth skandha, consciousness, is awareness of or sensitivity to an object, but without conceptualization. Once there is awareness, the third skandha might recognize the object and assign a concept-value to it, and the fourth skandha might react with desire or revulsion or some other mental formation. The fifth skandha is explained in some schools as base that ties the experience of life together.
The Buddha taught that our egos, personalities and the sense that the "self" is something distinctive and permanent enclosed within our bodies, are just illusory effects of the skandhas.
Bibliography
O'Brien, B. (n.d.). Skandha. Retrieved September 16, 2010, from About.com: Buddhism: http://buddhism.about.com/od/abuddhistglossary/g/skandhadef.htm
TThe article Skandha strongly parallels the Baumeister’s Taxonomy of the Self.
The Form, Sensation and Consciousness can be classified as the Natural Self. The definition of the Natural self in Conceptions of Self and Identity by Baumeister includes “the body”, “the little window of consciousness called the 'knower' ” and “sensations” (Baumeister, 1993). This definition includes and embodies what Buddhism defines as the form as the physical body, the Sensations or feelings and the consciousness as the awareness factor, which is the called the 'knower' (O'Brien).
This is re-enforced by the description of consciousness in Buddhism as the basis for perceptions and mental formations to arise. Parallel to this is the use of the term universal (Baumeister, 1993) to describe the Natural self by Baumeister. One point to note here is that Baumeister integrates sensations into consciousness and consciousness with body inside the Natural Self, whereas Buddhism reclassifies them into three. Despite the differences in numbering, they both agree on the Universal self, which is natural, and supports the notion that the Natural Self is indeed universal.
For Perception, the definition from Buddhism is “that which identifies”. It is the one doing the “conceptualization, cognition” (O'Brien). This is clearly the Conceptual Self from Baumeister which is the self as a construct. The difference here is that Buddhism attributes Perception as one of the 5 aggregates of the thing we call self whereas Baumeister seems to take it for granted and is more interested in the construct itself, namely the “self concept” and “identity” (Baumeister, 1993). In Buddhism, we see that the concept of Perception is a superset of Baumeister's Conceptual self, one is the creator, and the other is the creation.
Mental formations in Buddhism refer to the identity in the conceptual self and also the action self. “Habits, prejudice and predispositions” (O'Brien) of mental formations are most likely seen by Baumeister as “structure of values and priorities” (Baumeister, 1993) in the identity of the conceptual self. Whereas the “volition and willfulness” (O'Brien) of mental formations is the “actor and the wanter” (Baumeister, 1993) in the action self. Thus it is seen that Buddhism regards mental formations as the rest of the mind other than the sensations, perception and consciousness. Thus it is not so surprising that we find the identity in mental formations along with the action self. The separations of self concept and identity in the classification by Buddhism seems to imply that the self concept is just a construct that can change with time and with person and also possibly not necessary, so it is not explicitly stated, just the function that constructs, namely perception is named, whereas Buddhism would regard identity, or the habits and prejudice more solid and empirical than self concept.
As the two articles contains very similar parts of the self that both using different classification managed to compartmentalise them, it is worth noting that the Buddha can be considered as a superb Psychologist whose findings 2500 years ago are being rediscovered by modern psychology in the last 100 years.
Bibliography
Baumeister, R. F. (1993). Conceptions of Self and Identity. In Fifty Years of Personality Psychology (pp. 177-186). New York: Plenum Press.
O'Brien, B. (n.d.). Skandha. Retrieved September 16, 2010, from About.com: Buddhism: http://buddhism.about.com/od/abuddhistglossary/g/skandhadef.htm
Monday, September 06, 2010
Hawking, God, Physics and Religion
Sunday, August 29, 2010
Growing Up in the University
Me? Right Now? Again.....
- MA2101S LINEAR ALGEBRA 2 (VERSION S)
- MA2216/ST2131 PROBABILITY
- PC4130 QUANTUM MECHANICS III
- PC4248 RELATIVITY
- UHB2201 HUMAN RELATIONS
- PC3288 ADVANCED UROPS IN PHYSICS I
Tuesday, August 17, 2010
Timetable for Sem 5
| A.M. | P.M. | ||||||||||||
| | 8:00- 9:00 | 9:00- 10:00 | 10:00- 11:00 | 11:00- 12:00 | 12:00- 1:00 | 1:00- 2:00 | 2:00- 3:00 | 3:00- 4:00 | 4:00- 5:00 | 5:00- 6:00 | 6:00- 7:00 | 7:00- 8:00 | |
| Monday | | PC4248 S12-04-03 | | | LA2 S16-0304 | CCA | |||||||
| Tuesday | | | | | | Lecture: Humans Relations SR1 | |||||||
| Wednesday | Prob LT27 | LA2 | Prob Tutorial | PC4130 S16-0436 | | UROPS | CCA | ||||||
| Thursday | | PC4248 S12-04-03 | PC4130 S16-0436 | Tutorials: Humans Relations SR1 | LA2 | CCA | |||||||
| Friday | Prob LT27 | | UROPS | | | CCA | |||||||
Saturday, August 14, 2010
Something about me-Ng Xin Zhao
On financial aid, I decided to make full use of the opportunities in NUS, so I joined in University Scholar's Programme, Special Programme in Science and Special Programme in Mathematics in addition to my double major. Other than that, I also dabble in CCA, joining in Physics Society, Nam Wah Pai (Chinese Martial Art) and Buddhist Society. Currently I'm only active in NUS Buddhist Society as the Deputy Dharma Director and going to take up the Management committee again this year.
Well, let me talk more about my social life, which is more relevant to the module of Human Relations. During my (all boys) secondary school life, I was labelled as a bookworm, for bringing a book wherever I go and reading whenever I got the chance to. I was a social clutz and mostly live in my own world.
After going to High School, I started to actively interact and be more outspoken in the class, also it is a bit of adjusting to do sitting in a mixed (gender) class. This is because I got inspired by the few “Jokers” in my classes who got lots of attention and popularity. Being addicted to the taste of popularity after getting top results and skipping a grade in my primary school, I modelled myself to be funny, strange and good to regain the popularity, and I was the most infamous person in school!
Due to some good fortune and lots of reading due to interest, I got selected to represent Malaysia in the International Physics Olympiad (IPhO) in 2007 and 2008. This did much to boost my self confidence and make me even more famous. My blog which I started in 2007 (my last year of high school) http://ngxinzhaomonk.blogspot.com/ got lots of hits after I got silver medal in 2008. During the 2007 IPhO, I collected the emails of almost every participants, thus almost all my shyness in talking to strangers at a social event evaporated there.
The Olympiad allows me to have the opportunity to stay in a local University (UKM) to study physics there even before I got admitted to any university. So for the two months there I felt the first real taste of what loneliness is in the nights. I was away from family and friends and there wasn't much to do at night. This is in stark contradiction with the self-image that I had of me being a lonely traveller (and liking it).
The loneliness ends when I joined in their Buddhist Fellowship activities and made new friends there. I even got to star as the baby Prince Siddhārtha (the Buddha) in their biggest annual activity! My involvement in Buddhist Society in NUS (attending 4 out of 5 of the weekly activities per week during my second year) continues on mainly through interest and spiritual commitment. Using my new found social skills (not being shy) and weird (and unique) personality, I felt just at home in NUSBS.
However there is another home in NUS for me, and that is SPS. It's mainly because I spend so much time in the SPS room (sleepovers, homework, permanent placement of my laptop, friends and boardgames). Being a relatively small community (50-30 people per batch), I know everyone in SPS and everyone knows me!
Despite all these homes, I still feel that I'm in adequate in social skills and human relationships as exemplified my friends at both homes that I'm just like Sheldon in the Big Bang Theory (Social skills wise, but at least I do learn). Hence the interest in this module!
Saturday, July 31, 2010
Me? Right Now?
First off: There's no strong reason to suspect parallel universes for me yet... Cause I just found out that there is more than one LT12 in NTU! Well, I got the wrong place by not reading fully about the location of the Youth Olympic Village on the online modules.
Well talking about the online modules, there are a lot of them. 9 to be exact. Teaching us about YOG and Volunteer stuffs.
Sunday, July 18, 2010
CHIP 2010 Day 2
The beautiful morning.As usual, the people in the buses are asleep and this is one of the few chances for me to read and catch up with my Integrated Photonics. For the internship at A*Star. I managed to finish 2 chapters or so in 2 days!
Then the first stop at 1p.m. was for lunch! Once again, my appetite works itself up.


And I started to notice that every meal we have is accompanied by 2 bottles of beer
which really delights some of our beer drinking friends.One interesting thing on the road is there is such a thing as the round overhead bridge:
The bridge connects to all 4 corners and is really cool, I immediately wanted to walk on one!Well, on with the guided tour first. First stop: The memorial temple, then the tomb of Judge Bao. 包拯 Yep, he's the famous upright judge that has a very long drama series based on him and his famous cases. We are visiting his birthplace!
The Entrance
His statue!
Looks real right?
They are wax scenes of his famous cases.
The 3 different swords are those that cuts different person's head. The dragon one for the emperor's relatives, the tiger for the various ministers, the dog for commoners.
Well, one funny thing we encountered about China is the funny English translation of their signs... here are a few, plus one from day 1.




Those were hilarious when we saw it!
Well, back to the trip, there was a well, called Lianquan Well: There's a story that the good and righteous people who drink from this well will be cured of any sickness. The corrupt will have negative effects!


The place is quite beautiful in any sense, and we (I meant the rest of us who have cameras) are just happy to take the photos of beautiful pictures away. The following shall also contain the real tomb of Lord Bao.




Group Photo!
The General looks not so nice and is shorter than the scholar, reflecting the emphasis of society at that time.
Tomb of the family members of Lord Bao
Going down!
Into a tunnel.
The picture on the side showing the 24 PARAGONS OF FILIAL PIETY.
The tomb itself! The place is surprisingly cooler than the outside and well ventilated.
There's a tower here, where we gone up to the top floor and saw the surrounding scenery. There was some kites that was very high flying too!



And on the way down, there are bells, pictures, etc... many things to see and to explore. I came down earlier to buy the origins of my surname, 黄. It was a letter that later on Lu Chen explained it to me.


Anyway, this is very tired and enough for a one-day-journey's worth. And we had an early dinner.

After dinner, the boys took a longer rest in our newly checked in hotel while the girls just gone and changed something, put some stuffs, and was ready in 5-10 minutes to go shopping! Wow, that was really fast.
The girls are ready to rock and roll.We, the boys, were just a bit later than them: 15-30 minutes later, couldn't catch up to them and had to move on and on and on....to 女人街 ladies street, after moving across the 步行街 walking street (which is where the girls are, but too bad we didn't knew. So began a 3-hour journey with the goal of catching up with the girls! Just that little did we know it would be 3 hours.
Me in my full gear! Bottle, umbrella, jacket, and scarf. The wind was quite cold! And it did rained, a little.
We had to go through a dark place to get there.
A whole shop for Coke! Sells other stuffs too.
Is there such a word?
Yay! Just got my wish fulfilled! This is after the rest of the boys are resting/eating in McD, and Ronald, Wu Peng, and me gone on and find the ladies street. It turns out that we were too late and the street is largely closed, just a few hawkers, not impressive compared to the walking street. And we had to go back and tell the others the news. The others happened to NOT be in McD! We walked around a little, circled the block searching for them, and it turns out that they were up in the round bridge! Which was the reason I got my wish fulfilled.
Another funny translation.
Nice dumplings... there's juice inside it!
Andy's sad cause his dumpling's juice just gone wasted. After the adventure of the day, I get to fill my bottle with the water cooler in the shop! Yay! And the cab fare back is ridiculously cheappppppppppppp! Really Really very cheap than Lu Chen also don't wanna share the cost of the cab with the other 3 of us. Well there's 12 of us in 3 cabs and we made it back to hotel safely! End of day 2.